By JEFF MAY

Pet rocks. Cabbage
Patch Kids. The Rubik’s Cube. The marketplace, like the Billboard
charts, is full of one-hit wonders—products that come out of nowhere,
capture the national imagination, then just as quickly turn into punch
lines and trivia answers.

But what about the entrepreneurs behind these creations? What do they do after the novelty of their novelty products wears off?

We decided to find out. We tracked
down four people who introduced some of the most popular fad items of
the past few decades to find out how they handled their sudden
prosperity—and rapid exit from the limelight. Some were relaxing and
enjoying their spoils. Others were trying to capture lightning in a
bottle one more time.

Here are their stories.

Stuck on Poetry

A sneeze helped make Dave Kapell the spiritual bard of the refrigerator door.

Eli Kapell

Dave Kapell, creator of Magnetic Poetry.

Back in 1993, the Minneapolis native
was an aspiring musician who liked to cut up his diaries and rearrange
the words to create song lyrics. But he was prone to allergies and, with
the pollen count soaring one day, he sneezed and scattered an
almost-finished song. An idea was born: Why not stick magnets on the
bits of paper and affix them to a cookie sheet to keep them in place?

The contraption stayed in Mr. Kapell’s room for a few months until he
threw a house party and needed the cookie sheet for baking. The word
magnets went up on the refrigerator—and throughout the night, Mr.
Kapell’s friends kept stealing back to the kitchen to scramble the
lyrics. The next day, he got a half-dozen orders for the magnet kits.

“Within a month of the party, it was like I was selling drugs out of
my house,” says Mr. Kapell, who is 48. “It went viral before viral was a
term.”

Soon he was making more from his Magnetic Poetry kits than from his $8-an-hour job in data entry, which he promptly quit.

Friends in retail said he might not have a lot of time to exploit his
big opportunity. So, he pored over books on start-ups and worked
90-hour weeks to build the brand. By 1995, Mr. Kapell and a partner had
set up a company, U.S. Magnetix, to produce custom magnets in China. To
get prime placement for his kits, he prowled gift-shop conferences and
craft fairs, where he found himself treated like the rock god he once
dreamed of becoming.

“I knew that I had hit an atypical home run,” he says. “At trade shows, everyone would say, ‘Everyone wants to be you.’ “

Magnetic Poetry

Mr.
Kapell wooed big chain bookstores to get prime locations in their
checkout aisles but didn’t ignore mom-and-pop stores. He says his close
relationship with that close-knit segment has kept copycat products off
the shelves.

To encourage repeat customers, Mr. Kapell started brainstorming new
ideas, such as packs with oversize words for kids, foreign-language
versions and ones with themes such as geeks, Christmas and bike lovers.
“I don’t necessarily like the business side of this,” he says. “Dotting
the i’s and crossing the t’s is not what I’m best at. But I like coming
up with new products.”

That urge, however, led to some missteps. In the late 1990s, Mr.
Kapell tried to develop a software version of the poetry kits, as well
as a game. Both led to steep losses. Another venture, Poetry Stones—a
kit that let crafters frame their messages in quick-set cement—was
initially successful but tailed off quickly.

Fad Blasts from the Past

These days, the recession has hurt sales, as
have the tenuous fortunes of his two biggest customers, Borders and
Barnes & Noble. Mr. Kapell says he is looking to broaden
distribution and is considering a Magnetic Poetry app for the iPhone and
iPad. He’s also making changes in his company’s online store to make
direct sales easier.

In general, though, he says he’s content to issue a half-dozen or
more variations on the original kit each year. A zombie-themed kit is
popular, he says, and erotic-word versions are perennial favorites. A
recent golf-lovers’ kit, on the other hand, was a dud.

Mr. Kapell wouldn’t respond to questions about exactly how much he’s
made from the kits. But, he says, even with the current slowdown,
profits from Magnetic Poetry have allowed him to play gigs more than he
ever could as a struggling musician. He frequently plays ukulele with a
local burlesque troupe and drags along a vintage stand-up bass on
camping trips with friends. His house is decked out with a grand piano
and a 70-piece ukulele collection.

And he thinks the business has staying power. “It’s not a pet rock,”
Mr. Kapell says. “It actually has utility. We get letters from people
every day who are fans.”

It’s All In the Wrist

Robert Croak had built a nice business marketing novelty
products, but he wanted something that could lift his company into the
big leagues.

Bloomberg News

Robert Croak, creator of Silly Bandz.

On a trip to a supplier in China in
2007, the Toledo, Ohio, businessman came across a product that seemed to
fit the bill: a thin, brightly colored silicone band shaped like an
animal. It was designed for office workers, but Mr. Croak thought the
concept had much greater potential as a mass-market bracelet for
children. So, he began working on his own variation on the theme—Silly
Bandz.

The 47-year-old Mr. Croak says the product sold in dribs and drabs at
first. But he says he knew he had a hit on his hands when a store
called in late 2007 and ordered 500 packs. “Within 10 days or two weeks,
the phone started ringing off the hook,” he says.

Marketed in theme packs for under $5, the bracelets became a huge
schoolyard fad and eventually sold in the millions. To stoke interest,
Mr. Croak and his team at BCP Imports LLC kept releasing new themes,
from animals to popular cartoon characters to corporate logos.

Early on, however, BCP couldn’t keep up with demand—or answer all the
calls coming in from frantic retailers. An eight-line phone system was
hastily upgraded to 48 lines. The company’s lone server proved
inadequate after a CBS News segment on Silly Bandz led to 11 million
hits on the product website; the company now has three servers.

“It was difficult,” Mr. Croak says. “We had to figure out how to
handle all the growth. But I always tell people, if you hear me
complain, slap me.”

Associated Press

Silly Bandz

As
the economy crumbled in 2008, sales of Silly Bandz kept growing. At one
point, the company was so overwhelmed with shipping orders that Mr.
Croak sent out a plea for night-shift workers on Facebook. A few hours
later, a line of applicants snaked around the block. “We had to lock the
door because we had so many people show up,” Mr. Croak says.

The hiccups in logistics allowed copycat manufacturers to get a
foothold. “I don’t think the knockoffs would have really gained any
ground had the retailers not been in dire need of inventory,” Mr. Croak
says, adding that BCP is vigorous in protecting its copyrights.

Although demand is rising for Silly Bandz abroad, the product has
already peaked in the U.S. Mr. Croak says he was planning for a slowdown
a year ago, and so BCP has introduced a range of new items: the Slap
Watch, which has an oversized, brightly colored silicone wristband; Rad
Bandz, thick rubber bracelets imprinted with stylized words such as
“Drama” and “Epic Fail”; and RadRingz, a colorful, two-finger ring—Mr.
Croak calls it “half a brass knuckle”—with removable faceplates.

“The goal is to become a lifestyle brand of fun, innovative new fashion products that kids can buy for under $20,” he says.

Mr. Croak won’t disclose just how much his breakout product brings
in, except to say that the profits are in the “millions per year,” and
he’s probably set for life. What’s more, “Silly Bandz gives me the
capability to dream big and not be stifled by lack of resources.”

He says he realizes he may not ever have a hit like Silly Bandz
again. Yet he still gets a kick when he sees his products in a store,
and wants to keep the momentum going. “To me, it’s about the chase and
conquer,” he says.

Million-Dollar Baby

Michael Lerner’s journey to entrepreneurial stardom
began with a white-knuckled ride down Storrow Drive in Boston.

The Lerner Family

Michael Lerner, who introduced the Baby on Board sign.

Mr. Lerner had agreed to drive his
18-month-old nephew home after a Sunday gathering at his parents’ house
in 1984. Childless himself, he soon realized he had failed to account
for the hell-bent traffic on Storrow, a notoriously busy expressway
along the Charles River. “People were tailgating me and cutting me off,”
he says. “For the first time, I felt like a parent feels when they have
a kid in the car.”

Soon after that nerve-wracking trip, a friend called with a tip for
Mr. Lerner, who was looking to move out of the executive-search business
and into consumer products. Two sisters wanted to sell a safety sign
for car windows; they had seen it in Europe but didn’t know how to
market it.

It was kismet. Mr. Lerner struck a licensing deal for what would
become the Baby on Board sign. “I believe things happen for a reason,”
says Mr. Lerner, now 59.

Using his contacts in the retail industry, he started pitching to big
department stores. The first month, his company, Safety 1st, sold
10,000 signs. Within nine months, it was selling 500,000 a month. “It
ramped up real fast,” he says. “Around Boston, I couldn’t go down the
street on a particular day without seeing one.”

By 1985, the first knockoffs started appearing, but Mr. Lerner had
developed strong relationships with his retailers and was able to
protect his shelf space. Sales really didn’t start to dip until the
parodies came, like “Mother-in-law in Trunk” and “Baby, I’m bored.”

“They weren’t funny at the time to me,” Mr. Lerner says. “But they really were a little funny.”

Image Source/Getty Images

Baby on Board sign

By
the start of 1986, the fad was fading. Safety 1st had already
introduced other products, including a Tot Spotter decal to help
firefighters quickly locate bedrooms where children might be sleeping.
But Mr. Lerner saw a bigger opportunity in child-safety products for the
home.

At the time, gadgets like outlet covers and drawer locks were
consigned to odd corners of hardware stores and other hard-to-find
spots. Starting in 1987, Mr. Lerner began transforming the sales niche
with more colorful packaging, new designs and lower prices. “We had a
really good, innovative team,” Mr. Lerner says. “We were very nimble.”

Safety 1st also capitalized on the rise of the big-box stores,
developing strong bonds with companies such as Toys ‘R’ Us, Wal-Mart and
Kmart. Between 1989 and 1996, sales grew to $105.8 million from $7.7
million, according to regulatory filings. By 1999, with sales at $158
million, the company began fielding buyout offers—and ultimately agreed
to be acquired by Canadian company Dorel Industries Inc. in June 2000.

It was then that Mr. Lerner got his big payday. During the Baby on
Board boom times, he says, he reinvested the profits from the product to
fund the growth of Safety 1st, so didn’t see any real money until the
sale—$38 million, according to regulatory filings. (He also sold some
shares during Safety 1st’s initial public offering.)

After the sale, Mr. Lerner spent much of the next decade traveling,
spending time with family and playing golf—which led him to his current
venture. He damaged some ligaments in his thumb, and after surgery the
digit would get inflamed after workouts or golf games. Then he started
using a therapeutic band that helped eliminate the inflammation and the
need to routinely ice the thumb.

The band worked so well that he decided to sell his own version of
it, through a Boston-area start-up called True Power. The company, which
has testimonials from several New England Patriots, claims the bands
use negative ions to speed oxygen delivery in the blood, which in turn
hastens recovery from injury and fatigue.

“I know there’s some skepticism about the product with some people,
but it really does work,” Mr. Lerner says, adding, “It’s easy to sell a
product, but it’s more meaningful to sell a product that adds value.”

Big Hair Day

May 2007 was not shaping up as a banner month
for Kelly Fitzpatrick-Bennett. Her career as a mortgage broker was on
the rocks as the California real-estate market imploded, and her first
husband had just filed for divorce. “I was sitting in my room crying,
which is unusual because I’m so optimistic,” she says.

Jillian Anaya

Big Happie Hair’s Chief Executive Optimist Kelly Fitzpatrick-Bennett, inventor of the Bumpit.

An episode of “The Big Idea with Donny
Deutsch” popped up on the television, and Ms. Fitzpatrick-Bennett was
captivated. Mr. Deutsch talked about finding something you love to do
and using that to come up with a money-making venture. She watched the
program three nights in a row and read through a list of recommended
books on start-ups.

Ms. Fitzpatrick-Bennett, now 48, knew one thing she loved: styling
hair. She had run a small salon from 1994 to 2001, and her customers
invariably wanted their hair to appear fuller. A good stylist can bump
up hair to give it more volume, but that wasn’t an everyday option for
most of her clients. At the time, she wondered if a hair insert could
solve the problem, but never followed it up.

Now she pursued the solution with a vengeance, crafting prototypes
out of popsicle sticks, Velcro and whatever else came to hand. She used
her college-age daughter, Katherine, as a half-willing test subject.

“Growing up poor, I was a chick MacGyver,” she says. “If you didn’t have something, you make something.”

Big Happie Hair

The Bumpit.

She
enlisted a design engineer to help smooth out flaws in her model, a
crescent-shaped insert that propped up teased-back hair and gave it
extra loft. Ms. Fitzpatrick-Bennett dubbed it the Bumpit, and a friend
with a plastic-injection-molding business began limited production of
the device.

She also set up a website and an office in Fresno, Calif., for her
company, which she called Big Happie Hair. Her title: chief executive
optimist.

Ms. Fitzpatrick-Bennett started going to hair-product shows, and the
response was immediate and overwhelming. “Our booth would be mobbed the
entire day,” she says.

Her friend’s manufacturing business could only provide 200 units a
week, not nearly enough to meet demand, so she found another supplier in
San Francisco. With more inventory, the company was ready for more
exposure, but Ms. Fitzpatrick-Bennett didn’t want to pay for a
professionally produced commercial. So she made a homemade one featuring
her daughter and some of her sorority sisters, who were paid $50 each
plus dinner from Panda Express.

When the ad showed up on MTV, orders came pouring in. Soon
celebrities were touting the Bumpit, including Carrie Underwood,
American Idol participants and Miss USA contestants, Ms.
Fitzpatrick-Bennett says.

Big Happie Hair’s 20-person operation found it difficult to keep up
with orders, and Ms. Fitzpatrick-Bennett realized she needed a partner
with better distribution. In 2009, she struck a deal with Allstar
Products Group, a company that licenses such products as the Snuggie
blanket, promoting them under its “As Seen on TV” brand.

Last year, though, sales started to slip, and parodies started
popping up on TV. Ms. Fitzpatrick-Bennett says she doesn’t mind the
backlash. “As long as people are talking about it, it’s good,” she says.
“Most late-night shows did spoofs, and we loved it.”

At its peak, the Bumpit sold at a clip of a million units a month.
Ms. Fitzpatrick-Bennett’s current business plan calls for sales of about
20,000 a month. “I was pretty realistic in knowing it would only have a
year of good life and then it would just sit and stop,” Ms.
Fitzpatrick-Bennett says.

With more time on her hands, Ms. Fitzpatrick-Bennett has begun to
look for bargains in rental properties and foreclosed homes. She won’t
say just how much she’s taken in from her signature product, but “she
could retire now,” she says.

Meanwhile, the money has allowed her to buy a large Tudor mansion
with four guest houses, and she drives a new Honda CRV instead of a used
car. (Some of her newfound good times aren’t tied to money, of course:
She remarried in December.)

A follow-up product to the Bumpit hasn’t fared as well as the
original, but “I would love to continue inventing other products,” Ms.
Fitzpatrick-Bennett says. “If I had a dollar for everyone who said no,
I’d be richer than I already am. When someone says no, there’s always
another avenue.”

By ROGER CHENG

The smartest companies are letting employees
use their personal gadgets to do their jobs. It’s an arrangement that
can benefit both sides but has pitfalls, too. Roger Cheng reports.

For lots of workers, the company BlackBerry just doesn’t cut it anymore.

As people pack increasingly sophisticated smartphones in their
personal life, they’re clamoring to use those gadgets in the workplace
as well. And many of their bosses are loosening up. They’re ditching the
traditional BlackBerry-or-nothing policy and allowing a wider range of
mobile devices, including tablets such as the iPad.

This arrangement can bring benefits for both sides. Businesses don’t
have to buy as many phones for employees. Employees, meanwhile, don’t
have to carry two devices around, and people who didn’t get a company
phone before can have one now.

But there are a lot of potential pitfalls, too. Few smartphones offer
the security features that the BlackBerry is known for. IT departments
also struggle with supporting business programs on newer mobile
operating systems such as Google Inc.’s Android. What’s more, allowing
personal phones raises a tough question: How much control does a company
have over the device? What happens, for instance, when somebody leaves
the company—and their phone is loaded with sensitive business documents?

The companies that have seen the most success
are giving their employees the most freedom—but are also seeking a
higher level of accountability. They’re asking that workers take
responsibility for keeping the device safe by managing passwords and
complex security functions, as well as shouldering part of the cost.

“Companies that are being successful are moving away from dictatorial
approach to a shared-responsibility model,” says Ken Dulaney, an
analyst for research firm Gartner Inc.

Here’s a look at some of the smartest strategies that companies are using to maintain the balance.

Locking and Deleting

Most companies start with a very basic
line of defense: insisting that workers use the password feature found
in every smartphone. The password prevents other users from accessing
any of the phone’s basic functions, forcing most run-of-the-mill thieves
to erase the device to make it usable. That’s critical, because
employees will often store emails and attachments with corporate data or
information about future projects on their phones.

But passwords aren’t foolproof, and a technically savvy crook could
break through the defense. So, what should companies do for an extra
layer of protection?

Kimberly-Clark Corp. has a hard-line solution: If a phone is lost or
stolen, or an employee leaves, the company erases the device remotely.

The company began allowing employees to use their personal
smartphones to access their corporate email accounts in December. Since
the change in policy, roughly 300 employees have connected their
personal smartphones to their work email accounts, according to Ramon
Baez, chief information officer for the company.

“Since these are small devices and are easily misplaced or stolen, it
is vital for a company to have the ability to wipe company-sensitive
information,” says Mr. Baez. The company will wipe a device as soon as
it is reported lost, or if the user reaches the maximum number of
attempts with an incorrect password.

Of course, a remote erasing also deletes any
personal information on the phone, such as contact numbers and family
photos. But the threat of losing all that may help make people more
vigilant about keeping track of the phone.

Still, the practice isn’t foolproof, because a phone needs to be
connected to a cellular network to be wiped. Mr. Baez is working on a
“self destruct” option that would automatically erase a phone in case
it’s lost and disconnected for an extended period of time.

And the practice doesn’t work everywhere. In China and South Korea,
employers by law aren’t allowed to erase the personal data on their
workers’ phones, according to Mr. Baez. So, he doesn’t allow employees
in those countries to use personal devices in the workplace.

Walling Off Data

Sometimes it’s not enough to erase data
after a phone is out of a worker’s hands. Companies in a range of
industries—such as medicine or finance—have to do a lot more to protect
sensitive data while employees are still using the devices. Medical
companies, for instance, have to follow rules under the Health Insurance
Portability and Accountability Act that protect customer data. In some
cases, that means having patients’ information on a regular personal
cellphone isn’t permitted.

Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co. uses software from Good Technology
Inc. to carve out a part of an employee’s device strictly for corporate
use. Guru Vasudeva, chief technology officer of Nationwide, calls the
portion a “secure container” within the phone that houses access to
corporate email, address book and calendar. Work emails and attachments
can be viewed in the container, but can’t be moved or downloaded into
the phone itself. If the phone is lost or if the person leaves the
company, Nationwide can wipe that portion of the device, leaving the
personal information intact.

Beyond the typical password found on a
cellphone, the container has its own password, and the data inside are
encrypted, says Mr. Vasudeva.

“We looked for a technical solution with the flexibility to allow
what [the employees] want, but at the same time meet all regulatory and
technical requirements,” says Mr. Vasudeva.

Dealing With Variety

Beyond security, there are lots of
technical headaches with workers using their own devices on the job. For
one, compatibility. With a wide variety of devices using different
operating systems, it takes lots of time and resources to build and test
a different version of the same application for every single one.

For the time being, most companies are trying to avoid those
headaches by keeping things simple. Workers who use their own
smartphones generally can get access only to the company email
network—not any other work software. The more complicated stuff, such as
apps that provide access to company software and databases, is
generally limited to the widely used BlackBerry platform.

J.D. King

Kimberly-Clark is looking to partners
such as AT&T Inc. to help it create a mobile-enterprise-application
platform. This relatively new technology allows a company to create one
app and have it run on all devices. For instance, a company could create
an app that accesses customer-relationship-management software in the
corporate database and have it distributed to all sales personnel,
regardless of their phones. By using the technology, the company “gains
the ability to effectively manage the cost of supporting many different
devices,” Mr. Baez says.

A Virtual Solution

Some companies are working on other ways
to give workers access to more than company email. They’re using a
technique called virtualization to let workers tap into a much wider
range of software. Companies put software, from providers such as Citrix
Systems Inc., on the workers’ portable gadgets. The employees can then
use that software to access their entire desktop on the device—and use
the same programs on the road that they use in the office.

Royal Dutch Shell PLC, for instance, is testing these kinds of
systems for use with tablets such as the iPad. Placing virtualization
software on employees’ personal tablets is less expensive than
outfitting them with company-purchased laptops, says Jay Crotts, the
company’s vice president of IT services.

Virtualization provides an answer to a basic question, he says: “How
can you increase productivity and allow more ubiquitous access?”

New Ways to Pay

Not all of the problems with smartphones are
technical. There’s also the matter of cost. Smartphone bills can be
steep for regular users—and most people want the company to kick in if
they’re using the phone for work too.

Companies that have embraced personal devices have also found ways to
reimburse employees for their phone use. Mr. Dulaney, the Gartner
analyst, says one common solution is to use a telecom expense-management
program, which allocates some expenses to the company and some to the
worker.

In some cases, companies pay for the whole data portion of the bill.
Some companies go further and cover the whole thing. The situations
vary, and depend on the type of employee and the type of company
involved. For instance, a factory worker who’s on call might get
compensated for voice but not data, while an executive might get fully
covered for the phone.

Nationwide gives employees who would otherwise have a company
BlackBerry a stipend equal to what their BlackBerry bills would have
been, which ranges from $70 to $100 a month. The worker has to cover the
difference. Employees who would not have gotten a BlackBerry are
responsible for their whole bill, since for them the access to the
corporate data is voluntary and considered a perk.

“We think it’s a fair deal,” says Mr. Vasudeva.

Mr. Cheng is a reporter for Dow Jones Newswires in New York. He can be reached at
roger.cheng@dowjones.com.

By JEFFERY DEAVER

Everett Collection

Secret agent man Sean Connery in ‘From Russia With Love’

One of
the greatest pleasures I get as a novelist is researching a field I
wasn’t previously familiar with, then incorporating the resulting
material into my novels.

For “Carte Blanche,” the newest James
Bond novel, I soaked up a number of fascinating factoids about
tradecraft—the subdued term for the techniques of espionage. My
knowledge will have faded in a few years, but in the short term, I’m a
bit of a spymaster. I thought I might share a few of the more useful
tricks of the trade, in case you find yourself tapped (recruited) by a
handler (the spy who supervises field agents) to help out the pros.

Apparently this happens quite frequently. At least according to Hollywood.

• To be a spy, you don’t need to break
into top-secret facilities, climb through air ducts and make your way
through laser beam fields. Yes, agents do some of that acrobatic stuff,
as well as sit in front of really neat high-def monitors, a la Jack
Bauer in “24,” while vacuuming up cellphone calls and emails. But a huge
amount of “product,” as intelligence is called, comes from open
sources, information available to everyone, found in newspapers, on TV,
in unclassified government, corporate and nonprofit reports and from
observations in public. You can be sure that somebody in Russia’s SVR,
one of the KGB’s successor agencies, is jotting down notes about this
article even as you read it.

For those who’ve always wanted the style and
skills of James Bond or one of the Bond girls, a “spy school” offers
classes in everything from hand-to-hand combat to deception detection.
WSJ’s Andy Jordan takes his camera to a session.

• Think you’re
being tailed? If you’re on foot in the city, never look behind you; the
agent will quickly hand off to another member of the surveillance team.
Find a commercial street with stores or restaurants whose entrances
have large, angled windows. They provide perfect mirrors to get a
glimpse of a tail. Take several random turns to verify that you’re the
target, but be sure to stop at several stores on your route and make
actual purchases to justify your complicated route and convince your
tail that you are oblivious to him.

What you do when you lead him into a dark alleyway is your own business.

• Are you the tailer rather than the
tailee? If you’re conducting surveillance or following somebody who is
frequently adopting disguises to throw you off, remember three
distinctive things about the target: height, proportion of shoulder
width to size of head and angle of foot (outward or inward pointing).
Even if the target changes clothes, makeup, hats, posture and hair
style, those three characteristics can’t be altered credibly or
consistently.

• If you need to disguise yourself,
remember that less is more. “Mission: Impossible” rubber masks and
prosthetics only work at considerable distance. For face-to-face
disguises, the most important trick is to use a dental apparatus to give
you bad teeth. The attention of the person you’re trying to fool will
automatically be drawn to your mouth, even if they try to maintain eye
contact.

Everett Collection

Daniel Craig in ‘Quantum of Solace’

• To
forge a subject’s signature—to, say, sign a document as part of a
misinformation assignment—copy it upside down. If you try to forge
handwriting without inverting it, your own script will affect the
results.

• Dead drops are locations where one
agent leaves an item, like classified documents or cash, for another to
retrieve later. Usually the objects are left in a CD, that is, a
concealment device. Outdoors, your best CDs are objects naturally found
on the ground and of little interest to passersby. They’re called
“sticks and bricks” because that’s often what they are: hollowed out
branches and fake stones. Freeze-dried dead animals are popular too.
Just make sure there’s no one around to wonder why you’re dropping a
dead rat into your attaché case.

• If you think your dead drop has been
compromised and is under surveillance, go on the offensive against the
enemy; try a Trojan Horse operation. Leave a double concealment device,
one with two hidden compartments, at the drop. The CD’s first
compartment, which can be opened, should contain a large sum of money or
secret documents (stolen from the enemy). In the second chamber, which
can’t be opened, put a tracker or listening device. Once the enemy
agents take it back to their safe house, it’s sure to be scanned for
radio or data transmissions; make sure the unit has timing software so
that it will not start sending signals for two or three days.

Everett Collection

Marceline Day in ‘Detectives,’ 1928.

• A good
way to get a listening device into the home of a target is to adopt an
NOC (non-official cover) as a salesman—of household items, for instance.
Follow the target’s spouse to the grocery store and gently ding his or
her car with your own. Apologize profusely and say that you’d prefer not
to report the accident to your insurance company. Give the spouse much
more money than it would cost to fix the damage (cash is too suspicious;
use a check from an account set up under your NOC). Then further make
nice by giving away one of your samples, like an expensive salt and
pepper set, which will, of course, have a transmitter inside—again,
timed for delayed transmission.

• If you’re concerned that someone is
tapping your mobile or land line, you can always come up with a
prearranged vocabulary of code words to convey messages in the course of
what seems to be an innocent conversation. Or use silent calling, in
which a certain interval of silence between pick-up and hang-up conveys a
message. Five seconds means to do X, 10 seconds is Y, etc.

• Who hasn’t spent sleepless nights
worried about double agents? Moles have existed since the profession of
espionage began. Motivation is the prime criterion in deciding if
someone spying for you is legitimate. Apply the MICE test: Is he working
for you because of the Money, out of Ideology, because he’s being
Coerced or because of his Ego? If he doesn’t score high on any of those
measures, he could be a double.

• If you’re a spy, you have to
communicate, sharing with your handler both operational information and
the product you’ve gathered. Most spies avoid public meetings, and
instead use covert communications (covcom) or clandestine communications
(clancom) to swap information.

Covcom occurs when the message itself
is detectable (though possibly encrypted), but the sender and recipient
are unknown. Classic techniques include using anonymous email accounts
and broadcasting information via radio. Clancom is when the message
itself is hidden. Steganography is the art of hiding information, and
the practice is thousands of years old. In the mid-20th century
microdots were the preferred form of steganography, and spy agencies’
technical services departments vied to outdo their opponents in making
the messages smaller and smaller.

Today spies use computer
steganography, in which the binary codes of photos, videos or music are
modified to contain digital messages. To the naked eye and ear, these
seem to be just any other digital media. But after being downloaded by
the recipient, they can be quickly processed by special software, and
the message extracted.

You might have noticed that I’ve
neglected to offer any insight into one particular aspect of espionage.
In reality, spies rarely assassinate anyone. Accordingly, and for the
sake of personal liability, I thought I’d avoid helpful hints I’ve
learned about targeted killings. If you really need some help in that
department, the best I’ll offer is that drone strikes seem to work
pretty well.

—Mr. Deaver is the author of 27 novels. “Carte Blanche” is due out June 14.